
To say that Sunday is a crucial day in the life of Sudan is to risk a crass understatement. The 9th of January 2011 sees the end of a five year peace period after 50 years of brutal war; and part of the agreement was that at its conclusion the 8.2 million southern Sudanese would be permitted a referendum vote: whether or not to pursue independence from the dominant north.
Sudan has more than 600 tribal groups who are further subdivided by colour, language, religion and geography. The biggest area of conflict has always been between the dominant north made up mainly of Muslims, and the south made up mostly of Christians and followers of animist religions. Fifty years of war has taken over 2 million lives and plunged millions into poverty. The peace pact brought a short period of respite - for many Sudanese it was the first time in their lives that they knew an era of peace. Yet, there are very real fears in the south that their right to vote for independence will not be respected and that violence will return to their lives.
Despite this most southern Sudanese seem determined to take the leap and separate, a point of view that is firmly supported by the Christians leaders among them.
"It is our golden choice. It is time to choose now," said Joseph Garang Atem Zorial, the Anglican bishop of Renk, who will be joining hundreds of religious and political leaders working to make the election fair and fraud-free.
Bishop Joseph believes that this is an ideal opportunity for southern Sudan to grasp control of their own destiny after having being subject for decades to rule by an Islamic majority.
"I am campaigning for separation," Bishop Joseph said in an interview with Christianity Today.
A recent survey backs his opinion in that a majority of southern Sudanese support political independence.
Christianity Today lists a number of factors that make separation necessary, according to southern Sudanese Christian leaders:
“Poverty: Sudan's national government exports about $35 million per day of crude oil, mostly from the South. Very little of the oil wealth gets shared with southerners, despite the 2005 peace agreement that required the North to do so. More than half of southern Sudan lives on less than $1 per day. Economic development has stalled for decades.”
“Religious discrimination: Sudan's national leaders support a version of Islamic law (Shari'ah) that creates a climate of chronic discrimination against Sudanese Christians and other minorities, especially in the areas of housing, employment, and education.”
“Political repression: President Omar al-Bashir is under criminal indictment by international courts for using the military to suppress minority groups throughout Sudan. He faces charges ranging from ordering genocide to committing war crimes in Sudan's Darfur region, where at least 200,000 have died since 2003.”
"We don't want to go back to war," Bishop Joseph said. "[But] the unity we had been looking for has failed, so now it is time for separation."
Sudanese religious leaders are convinced that prayer is a vital if they are to successfully and peacefully negotiate this extremely tenuous juncture in the life of their nation.
As Bishop Joseph said, "Muslims and Christians have a strong commitment to prayer. We say to the Muslims, 'You pray according to your way. When you go to your mosque, pray for a peaceful referendum.' We believe in the power of prayer. It is the only weapon we have."
This call to prayer was emphasised by the Sudanese delegates at the World Evangelical Alliance at Cape Town 2010. Twenty-eight Sudanese men and women were asked to share their hopes and fears as they approached the January 9 referendum on separate statehood for southern Sudan, and every single one of them urgently requested the international community to pray for a fair and free election, without violent incidents or intimidation.
It seems that the very least the international community can do is heed this call.